微通道经皮肾镜与输尿管软镜碎石取石术对输尿管上段结石患者血液流变学及男性性功能指标的影响

摘要 目的：以血液流变学及男性性功能指标为主要观察指标分析微通道经皮肾镜取石术（MPCNL）与输尿管软镜碎石取石术（FURL）在输尿管上段结石（UUC）中的应用价值。方法：将80例男性UUC患者按简单随机化法分MPCNL组、FURL组各40例;比较两组清石率、血液流变学、性功能指标及不良反应。结果：两组术后1w（82.50% vs 85.00%）、术后1mo（92.50% vs 97.50%）、术后3mo（100.00% vs 100.00%）的清石率无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。FURL组术后1天、术后7天的血液流变学指标水平均低于MPCNL组（P＜0.05）。两组术后男性性功能指标较术前显著改善,但FURL组术后3mo、6mo的男性性功能指标改善更显著（P＜0.05）。结论：对于UUC患者,MPCNL和FURL均能有效清除结石,都是安全有效的方法,但FURL较MPCNL对患者术后血液流变学的影响更小,且更利于术后性功能的恢复。     

Chiral recognition of aromatic compounds by β-cyclodextrin based on bimodal complexation

The chiral recognition of the selected aromatic chiral compounds by native -cyclodextrin (-CD) based on bimodal complexation was studied using a flexible docking algorithm FDOCK. A quantitative empirical free energy relationship model was employed to predict the complex stability constants and the preferred binding modes. The results showed that the calculated complex stability constants are in good agreement with the experimental data. Furthermore, the main force responsible for host-guest complexation is the van der Waals force and the chiral molecules are completely included into the -CD cavity. The chiral recognition for the selected aromatic chiral compounds is the result of the van der Waals force counterbalancing with the other effects, such as the electrostatic interaction and the hydrophobic effect.Figure The favorable structures for the inclusion complexes of (S)_phenylbutyric with -CD. View in the plane normal to the Z-axis. -CD is shown in surface and (S)_phenylbutyric in CPK representation.     

Seasonal dietary stress in a forest monkey (Cercopithecus mitis)

Summary Blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis nyasae Schwarz) were studied for a period of 15 months on the Zomba Plateau in Malawi, which experiences pronounced seasonality of climate. 2) As might be expected, the monkey's diet contained most protein per item, and least potential digestion inhibitors, during the warm rainy season of the Malawian summer. 3) During the period, however, from October to November, which constitutes the hottest time of the year when the greatest number of trees are flowering and fruiting, protein intake was relatively lower than at other times of year and digestion-inhibitor intake tended to be relatively higher. 4) In the same period, the monkeys ranged more widely than during the winter months, when suitable food was available on the fewest number of tree species. 5) During the winter months, which occur in the first part of the dry season, the monkeys were able to obtain a reasonably nutritious diet from foliar material and some flowers, without recourse to any significant amount of fruit. 6) It is suggested that poor quality of diet during October and November is related to increased chemical defences in edible plant parts which may be partly the result of climatic pressures, and that the monkey's flexible response reflects a high degree of sensitivity to the chemical makeup of such plant parts.     

输尿管软镜对肾结石患者肾损伤因子、凝血功能及氧化应激的影响

目的:探讨输尿管软镜对肾结石患者肾损伤因子、凝血功能及氧化应激的影响。方法:回顾性分析2018年9月～2019年9月期间我院收治的200例肾结石患者的临床资料,根据手术方式的不同将患者分为A组(n=100,经皮肾镜取石术)和B组(n=100,输尿管软镜取石术),比较两组患者围术期指标、肾损伤因子、凝血功能及氧化应激指标,并记录两组围术期并发症发生情况。结果:B组手术时间、住院时间短于A组,术中出血量少于A组(P0.05);两组患者结石清除率比较无差异(P0.05)。两组术后1 d血清肌酐(Scr)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)及半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cys C)水平均升高,但B组低于A组(P0.05)。两组术后1 d的凝血反应时间(R值)、血凝块形成的时间(K值)均下降,但B组高于A组(P0.05);两组术后1 d的血块生成率(α角)及最大宽度值(MA值)均升高,但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后1 d丙二醛(MDA)升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)降低(P0.05);B组术后1 d的MDA高于A组,SOD则低于A组(P0.05)。两组术后并发症发生率对比无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:与经皮肾镜取石术相比,输尿管软镜取石术可获得相当的治疗效果,其在改善肾功能、凝血功能及氧化应激等方面效果更佳,且不增加并发症发生率,临床应用价值较高。     

常温环境下38mm软体变形弹生物致伤效应实验研究

目的:从生物学角度评估38mm软体变形弹的杀伤威力,并阐明其生物致伤效应。方法:常温条件下,对生物模型进行实弹射击,将猪和羊(各9只)按照射击距离的不同(3 m、5 m、10 m)分成三组,每组三只,射击部位为四肢、胸部、腹部及臀部。结果:局部损伤主要表现为单纯血液循环障碍或血液循环障碍伴随表皮剥落;临床解剖发现,在5 m距离上可致羊脏器破裂、肋骨骨折,在3 m距离上可致猪肺广泛性出血,同等条件羊的损伤程度较猪重。结论:我们认为,5 m距离内被38 mm软体变形弹击中,对人有可能造成血气胸,5 m距离外局部创伤可在数天后自行吸收、消退或愈合,一般无需医学处理。     

Estimating the cure proportion of malignant melanoma,an alternative approach to assess long term survival: A population-based study

ObjectivesA large proportion of patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) do not experience excess mortality due to their disease. This group of patients is referred to as the cure proportion. Few studies have examined the possibility of cure for CMM. The aim of this study was to estimate the cure proportion of patients with CMM in a Swedish population.MethodsWe undertook a population-based study of 5850 CMM patients in two Swedish health care regions during 1996–2005. We used flexible parametric cure models to estimate cure proportions and median survival times (MSTs) of uncured by stage, sex, age and anatomical site.ResultsDisease stage at diagnosis was the most important factor for the probability of cure, with a cure proportion of approximately 1.0 for stage IA. While the probability of cure decreased with older age, the influence of age was smaller on the MST of uncured. Differences in prognosis between males and females were mainly attributed to differences in cure as opposed to differences in MST of uncured.ConclusionsThis population-based study showed approximately 100% cure among stage IA disease. Almost 50% of patients had stage IA disease and the high cure proportion for this large patient group is reassuring.     

Engineering proteins for thermostability through rigidifying flexible sites

Engineering proteins for thermostability is an exciting and challenging field since it is critical for broadening the industrial use of recombinant proteins. Thermostability of proteins arises from the simultaneous effect of several forces such as hydrophobic interactions, disulfide bonds, salt bridges and hydrogen bonds. All of these interactions lead to decreased flexibility of polypeptide chain. Structural studies of mesophilic and thermophilic proteins showed that the latter need more rigid structures to compensate for increased thermal fluctuations. Hence flexibility can be an indicator to pinpoint weak spots for enhancing thermostability of enzymes. A strategy has been proven effective in enhancing proteins' thermostability with two steps: predict flexible sites of proteins firstly and then rigidify these sites. We refer to this approach as rigidify flexible sites (RFS) and give an overview of such a method through summarizing the methods to predict flexibility of a protein, the methods to rigidify residues with high flexibility and successful cases regarding enhancing thermostability of proteins using RFS.     

Domain-Based Protein Docking with Extremely Large Conformational Changes

Proteins are key components in many processes in living cells, and physical interactions with other proteins and nucleic acids often form key parts of their functions. In many cases, large flexibility of proteins as they interact is key to their function. To understand the mechanisms of these processes, it is necessary to consider the 3D structures of such protein complexes. When such structures are not yet experimentally determined, protein docking has long been present to computationally generate useful structure models. However, protein docking has long had the limitation that the consideration of flexibility is usually limited to very small movements or very small structures. Methods have been developed which handle minor flexibility via normal mode or other structure sampling, but new methods are required to model ordered proteins which undergo large-scale conformational changes to elucidate their function at the molecular level. Here, we present Flex-LZerD, a framework for docking such complexes. Via partial assembly multidomain docking and an iterative normal mode analysis admitting curvilinear motions, we demonstrate the ability to model the assembly of a variety of protein–protein and protein-nucleic acid complexes.     

Nano-moles detection of tumor specific biomarker DNA for colorectal cancer detection using vertically aligned multi-wall carbon nanotubes based flexible electrodes

A genosensor, flexible and low cost as well, has been fabricated to efficiently detect colorectal cancer cell by targeting CEACAM5, a tumor biomarker. Sensing electrode was fabricated with efficient transfer of a pattern of vertically aligned multi-wall carbon nanotubes on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate by hot press technique, a technologically advanced one. The purpose was to make the sensor device stretchable, bendable, transparent, disposable and heat resistant; without losing the pristine character of the electrode material before and after transfer process. Fabricated sensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). The sensor response was checked by adding target DNA within a range of 50–250 μM and sensor showed a detection limit of 0.92μM; exhibited good linearity with a regression coefficient of 0.96 obtained through calibration plot. The sensor was found to be highly sensitive, stable and good specificity as binding occurs only with the complementary DNA. Besides, the genosensor showed relative standard deviation of 6.5 % and 6.7 % at respective 100 μM and 150 μM complementary DNA concentrations. Reproducibility and stability are two crucial parameters where the developed sensor have scored extremely well.     

New combinatorial clustering methods

Sixteen clustering methods are compatible with the general recurrence equation of combinatorial SAHN (sequential, agglomerative, hierarchical and nonoverlapping) classificatory strategies. These are subdivided into two classes: the d-SAHN methods seek for minimal between-cluster distances the h-SAHN strategies for maximal within-cluster homogeneity. The parameters and some basic features of all combinatorial methods are listed to allow comparisons between these two families of clustering procedures. Interest is centred on the h-SAHN techniques; the derivation of updating parameters is presented and the monotonicity properties are examined. Three new strategies are described, a weighted and an unweighted variant of the minimization of the increase of average distance within clusters and a homogeneity-optimizing flexible method. The performance of d- and h-SAHN techniques is compared using field data from the rock grassland communities of the Sashegy Nature Reserve, Budapest, Hungary.Abbreviations CP = Closest pair - RNN = Reciprocal nearest neighbor - SAHN = Sequential, agglomerative, hierarchical and nonoverlapping